; g# m( i- K$ f) O" Y# a2 F$ \
1 d5 Z% ]3 L( j' z: J|
6 \& \2 h# f7 r2 P4 r& r Pulse Sequence |
2 H/ K4 G/ ]* U% o( s9 r
$ P- R, |9 j/ D Siemens | 9 v1 a$ z' w t8 p% R/ K5 ^
A# t! o. T V' w/ o6 P GE |
+ I. b2 _2 W6 H9 y1 x. P
* V( U& I3 r$ [& ^| - d, b/ a; @1 P
| + D" X! Q6 J9 q- s d( h+ R% D
3 E+ o! w8 Q9 O' n1 { |
) ~) w; ~6 Z) \5 ^5 c# z! \ h, H- N( ^/ _8 H1 q' U9 {- k! v
|
% a9 Q- o# E( w$ V
l% ^: [/ {# _4 m. t) h0 K|
% K! }5 e( {; S4 U Spin Echo | 1 a# d( a' X- H
6 e: s% Q6 L2 }+ i _' y) b0 g Spin Echo, SE | ! I( X8 m: p5 G
% r2 y9 T$ |& J9 [( ^( o, ]6 M
Spin Echo |
, m( Y6 S2 S4 F
. u' [8 E( v9 ?! c, s
| % \' t3 S( V- f0 x: G7 K
Gradient Echo | * a6 m3 |; H H3 u8 ^/ b O& N
& W4 w" f$ P6 h$ P9 O Gradient Echo, GRE |
5 T3 {3 J# N$ d4 }4 u3 ?9 L4 V# `
; }! L! D. ~& t GRE, GRASS |
( H1 e6 y2 e2 V8 u4 f4 ^4 f/ L9 H
) H5 W* {% g T, W
| : `% u, f6 f: X! W& k" ?9 B* x( K
Spoiled Gradient Echo |
7 c( c8 c) t* g% l
! O6 l' r) k% K7 o' J4 r' i6 @5 ?: U% u5 p% h FLASH | 6 h1 ^3 I! u$ s9 c1 Y7 J: f. K7 ^2 V
) [* ]- E0 k7 z; J8 E% m- Y7 g; _
SPGR |
8 Z$ ?. J: Y$ b1 Q
6 F M! l* r) w
| $ q4 y9 x8 c1 ]* A
Steady State Free Process |
% v6 q6 P7 d+ D
. I9 `: h8 q/ p$ |2 M0 O( _7 { TrueFISP | % u1 a# f" F3 e9 t% K6 A; h
7 b+ ]' w: A! i1 `4 ^& g# { ?
FIESTA |
% O6 [( C; h# J+ m# Y, M7 M4 B- c
| 7 v' l6 m$ x. N1 @2 ^
Ultra Fast Gradient Echo | 9 t! c1 d* z0 m, F2 U9 M
" i9 M: Z$ N# p8 E Turbo Flash | 7 ?+ p `) b/ C
- u. L, |( X1 F. H
Fast GRE, Fast SPGR |
# S2 r% ?: p" }: |9 J$ u2 V) I- S
) d7 W* h0 R, c- K) s+ [
| : u3 _0 s& L: q- z! }
3D Ultra Fast | ! |% d+ l$ j" Z- G" }+ V- ~
9 l- l5 K) o5 C) ?7 p6 \! S MP Rage | ! @5 z) P" t* F
! b4 g+ s; f1 c5 \6 L6 u8 C
3DFGRE, 3D Fast SPGR |
$ H, n/ Z% Z% _ i7 ~3 ?
3 h6 g m' h! y7 ^7 R# ]( s% x n
| / z6 e# \" n# l3 l
Inversion Recovery |
8 ?5 a4 N2 F, i2 H
2 g! r1 c' x, v' |% I( g, P- w IR, TurboIR, TIR | . V8 [5 ^5 J8 I, G
$ z+ @7 R5 {- U5 ~ V7 F IR, MPIR |
3 e" R; S9 s1 w: X. L* E* D
" j- l. Q$ G7 ]5 Y
|
+ M( G8 [9 s3 V. Q/ Z* _ Short tau IR |
+ t! y' y$ I9 P+ ^. m! ?' `* ]
# K2 E$ J8 X- [: I7 c/ q! @) ] STIR | . E5 l( k, z4 _6 s% ?1 T
" w4 o% N# x# f- @$ p
STIR |
5 y% k3 Z; E6 y9 v
. W/ M1 f, p9 J" i/ _# m- o: Z|
, Q9 O$ o) H b% _6 l RARE Sequence Rapid Acquisition Relaxation Enhancement | $ F0 `$ w! c# {7 B; _
# g' t9 t# d; @4 g3 G0 N Turbo Spin Echo, TSE |
5 h8 t* G5 {& z% H/ v7 ]
: g: K8 j! Y9 _. v+ F: Z6 U1 U Fast Spin Echo |
9 n" H+ M+ z! ]1 Y g
+ `; o$ s6 ^0 ^" J6 n; j
| 9 _6 N, Z% _) N3 O! h
Gradient and Spin echo | - Q8 A( s1 M9 g$ f
" \- b$ m, K ?. ^ Turbo GSE, TGSE |
& i! l& v# E9 D w1 s/ b( @9 Z% _. w3 @9 a& [, k& _( Z* I
GRASE |
# ~ l" T3 m* R; F7 w
: J, q. f6 V; _. P3 k% D|
2 n$ J# X1 N* ^, E7 g. p5 p) y Parallel Imaging |
2 @2 j6 g2 j# [1 C( S
' N* o O1 X' l* e: r& J9 B9 R IPAT | * n' M. N+ A, O
2 C& Y2 ]( I4 L
ASSET |
; N. N$ G/ j$ u0 y: U, _* O& z
( Y8 j5 a3 Q: f- Q
|
; G2 X& U! P# Y# y" S+ x Flow Velocity Encoding |
/ X1 ~- N- H9 @2 F/ B- Z+ \ v$ P. j' [
Phase Contrast |
1 t* v) M% n8 _" P8 E+ A$ d4 [* O3 h4 N: F' L
Phase Contrast |
% z$ G4 q1 }" K7 o0 P
5 k7 A, e8 v0 y9 J| ( j g1 N4 ~ }9 V3 M. m
Half Fourier Single Shot Turbo (Fast) Spin Echo | 9 `; j4 Q5 _1 k5 X4 \
J# ~8 u+ V% F3 T, P/ h HASTE |
: Q$ r, d6 w' a- a8 N6 k4 c
1 p, l) M6 Y! y% N SSFSE |
+ j) k M7 v0 [0 p$ v/ q( C, [- u! h# A
| # `! X+ w: H1 p+ J( o
Cine Study (cardiac) | ! [0 `, [ P5 ]+ E1 z
7 o3 i6 F1 {" f9 ?3 W# h$ p& d CINE FLASH | % Q& G/ H3 ` `1 F) n u
* t$ Q2 Z! E4 \ a Cine, FASTCARD |
& o+ Q# R2 a9 V6 S. t, o2 Q
( m* ~ r! m7 S|
8 R& @1 p) m7 d+ u6 v7 j0 z Spin echo black blood (cardiac) | 1 `: t2 z6 o; O U- ?' p/ h% M
5 K: e# B! Q6 q# V dark-blood prepared TSE, HASTE, FLASH | $ q8 P+ Y1 [& P- d3 x1 h
, j- Y6 L; h/ g9 G" L P
Double IR FSE, FSE-XL with Blood suppression |
8 B3 i8 m( G" Q: V
0 |9 u8 e, h: c) U% S$ c6 N" G, m| + \5 a- h) Z7 n2 X% |
Spin echo black blood null fat (cardiac) | 5 ~0 W o. e, }5 Y1 @% T
& h+ f; U- S4 D' m! z
TRIM | ; @6 l! A# w- x# G' P U; k u
3 f) @+ l6 P) F1 @% c- |0 P* Q Triple IR FSE, FSE-XL IR with blood suppression |
# Q. P3 J F# t& m; A& f8 m0 n2 y# g( \4 J7 x2 C
| 6 H7 B0 s( C3 |: f
Viability imaging (cardiac) |
/ T; t) H# i# k
( e& J5 k, { [4 E% M4 v( ^ Segmented 2D TurboFLASH |
! b+ Q& u' H' O S% z T! n& z% E H8 H+ Y2 {/ B7 S
Myocardial Delayed enhancment (MDE) IR Prep Gated FGRE |
/ `! F( @6 j% z7 [- F8 m7 X# H$ t
| # E7 B$ U) J9 H \ X% E( S
Myocardial perfusion (cardiac) |
9 ?4 u( y$ A& H& G) q. K
+ W6 r9 t5 z6 f+ C- S- K8 @ 2D TurboFLASH, SS TrueFisp sat or Ir, gre-epi |
7 t3 D& y s" e
, L1 ?5 T; l0 s1 q FGR-ET multiphase |
" Q$ G8 X/ P8 k, a6 ?- q
* o! l i: c, U| , K% D: a% s, U: F+ _1 y
Scan Parameters | / b T, L* n9 K( A
+ h$ ?. |1 W' r" L | 0 ]& j6 z' h" u# g% A. O
/ A+ _3 r1 x3 I" v" G1 I
|
: T8 E0 C3 j7 w$ w/ X$ I$ w
& P V: l: Q& J9 r' A+ S| ! R4 @0 z& @& M+ X
Echo Time, Repitition Time | 0 l" s1 _3 y; \' [% o1 D
1 F1 B$ l# a2 C( B2 } TE, TR in msec | 5 I _( p3 b. q4 i8 w
0 O, `8 K- T8 d5 R$ P7 P TE, TR in msec |
- |% j1 j e) u; L# u9 _/ b
2 J3 N2 K( x3 h. p; ?2 Z| . a9 S9 R0 b0 t" X! z7 @, e9 j
Inversion Time | ' }. Q4 N9 y7 `! ~3 d: }: M+ M$ C
# D+ Q! z( I: C* R: w0 j0 Y
TI in msec |
H, X" A% C6 Q
4 d5 D5 c- u: O TI in msec |
% f' J) x. s. N0 g* o
6 X; z3 j. F) r| + T8 g' {9 L( z% w
# of echos per TR |
1 J2 w+ U% b9 A) T* k4 T7 k$ c. r$ s* R( |7 e
Echo Train Length, ETL, Turbo Factor |
6 M1 v, [- K7 [2 }: H- ^* N& ?4 J2 n
ETL |
0 W, _5 {" p8 W* t; t
+ g" U/ y1 A. g! `( _7 x8 A& l, ]0 Q| 1 i6 D: N, T" x# h# Z$ M
Time between echos |
8 {! H: n8 i {0 G4 e$ W/ \3 w( x1 v9 E- F4 q1 ^* O
Echo Spacing |
& B0 Y+ g1 r' N: i1 a. ]0 g6 U" l7 S: {4 n7 s
Echo Spacing |
. O5 N }& R! V
; \ v: H- h; N- ?" |; a3 C| & z2 V$ Z) J3 k" i8 w
Repeated Measurements |
7 H5 n F( v) t1 v) S! L$ Q2 e& w( Z t9 d# ~
Acquisitions, Number of Averages |
2 _: d: ?; z& E0 d+ H9 t/ g" |+ X# y( v# F& r
NEX |
O5 N9 Z; Y1 \) X1 P1 R4 x3 m# \
; X/ j$ C6 p1 R& T" H; c| # a; A, T4 x: M4 y% q
RF Pulse in Gradient Echo | m' x4 N/ }9 R" P# }. N- |: M# q* ^
# r- p' j j* E ~$ q5 ~* ]( O( \ Flip Angle | - ]- \# m* |( u, T# t/ n" l+ ?
% L, g2 ?, r* f% B Flip Angle |
3 B7 c0 h) r3 i$ J& r
5 j) F% {' Q/ J9 W0 p| + j: Y" `3 {% B& r* h9 c( C
Scan Measurement Time |
5 ]( k8 h* n8 m0 d) x. i' J+ L( v7 G9 N6 X( \: y8 F; ^- [
Acquisition Time, TA |
4 P8 ^; V& p l' ?( ~+ n8 c5 X8 a3 S2 y" L
Aquistition Time |
+ O% v, T8 C. ]4 O, n7 L5 n
- _* t# U" x# }4 [6 K/ W! ~$ W6 e# n
| 1 A8 q1 r1 R( r& R( b5 p: q9 o
Spacing between Slices |
; G2 ]9 B2 e7 R% X% ]0 l0 J# O1 Y7 w. l8 o+ [/ v
Distance Factor, In% | 3 _. W" v3 B8 t% R/ i. [( J
# [3 P- ^- X! U: P
Spacing |
3 D7 _5 \4 J: K
8 C* O7 {7 S6 O9 O1 u
| $ U, B, t8 f) b/ r- E
Shifting Slices Off Center | A' n3 h- l3 \' ^
' V( S" R8 C4 p! b
Off Center Shift |
: Q; r: ]/ g4 E
1 k4 {. J# \- x3 `! `3 Q Off center FOV |
( K) Y$ y; P) z5 p6 u2 F3 Q
) D" p9 y" C' o F6 v# P" u
|
# @5 _" H$ y' B; R Field of View | 8 C+ Z0 L* o& `& H, k
- N5 R* o. s& t8 c
FOV | G$ `$ P0 F- K$ k; F. q
$ t' }, _, Z% G% m) t2 ^) V
FOV |
6 ~- L @2 q+ E% m) q6 V: o: Q; r9 V% [1 @5 R
| 6 V- M% Y9 }/ X& G: R
Non-square Field fo View |
: ^& Z9 A. h' z& g- _9 m8 x
& O3 S/ R1 K' W* | Rec FOV |
, m/ ?& x4 u0 o. ?2 p/ m+ N. T* w" r# F2 L
Rectangular FOV PFOV |
: ?, @" x" O& K& S" j. ]- g' F* ]" q6 H. R) z, _9 V. h6 H
| % c9 k. p4 n( O5 n% _" o
Bandwidth | 2 P& s' Y j! l6 u/ `( `
) t, X, F8 w( X
|
0 H/ F. P0 F: e/ L
) b0 K; W3 u: v: C( i1 h! \ Receive Bandwidth |
7 K( b& K. e+ T( {
- j0 r# y. I% ?3 D| ( N- _- @3 r( g" f. U( z9 q
Variable Bandwidth |
) N% d, n: G4 w, F6 ?0 f7 n1 ]# d: j2 q; ?: c' ~# b
Optimized Bandwidth | 4 f: @# K" K4 V1 ?. o D' ]
7 k. V5 @" ^1 D; D' r
VB |
2 D! N/ i" n, ]5 M! t' Y" X
" f9 R/ u5 E0 t4 O& B| % ~/ ^: W7 E' `0 R6 w0 E3 ^
Oversampling in Frequency | ( R. ^9 y1 N) T' c$ p0 ^
" \. T- E) O ]7 ], m" e! ~ Oversampling |
) a: R3 L3 e5 }; x) R4 ^6 E/ n' @+ O+ h* i j& m
Always On |
! r O) B* M* M: m, {( \' H
8 m- e7 L( s6 P& F* ?$ m- `5 ]/ n8 d| Y+ n! w( h; R5 g" `
Oversampling in Phase | ( Y' [8 c$ {" `
4 b& |5 m- c. @+ n- D Phase Oversampling | : I+ _' _9 A0 {& }5 l
! q- J' M3 [: m$ `
No Phase Wrap |
8 R' G( T8 g! Y6 i5 I3 y5 l1 [
/ [0 e1 e* v5 O% i
|
5 y" S3 k8 `# ]/ B1 P# H Segmented K-space | % f& r$ Y' ]7 @. }( s
1 I/ F7 D9 ?. \; Q
Lines, Segments |
) \9 E# ~7 y t7 a- e# S) G. f2 l x( `* G
Views per segment |
" e( n2 s5 [2 T! w* P
. F& n& y8 x# z3 J. H, s|
" |- F. q( N7 P& Q Time Delay/Block K-space |
# r$ r1 I! G7 y9 c6 K; g
! A9 c( i7 _* W2 ^8 |5 M% w: F Time Delay, TD |
I; L6 @2 V, O% {. J, I3 p
! z) |, q' q7 N4 d. u4 C# u Intersegment Delay |
9 P" I" ]6 I5 n X0 _9 Q( {3 X# h1 C5 H, J1 `9 T
| ' m4 d {! }; }' h
Patient Orientation Scan |
/ N' ?7 F; ?" B0 s) r, P, a) g" o3 n: o0 Y3 R
Localizer, Scout | 1 L8 w9 L0 x9 s' ^4 c( x8 W4 ?% r9 r
1 b7 X" O' H5 M$ I' X Localizer |
' f$ L/ d1 A* x+ i0 q5 B+ |* I( W1 v) P* w
| : e, n; X: L: P2 B1 Y
Half Fourier Imaging |
, ~0 `7 c# g7 {7 j; A" j$ u% U
/ t- f( P: |4 J9 J- f Half Fourier | # R& J" h6 U0 o; w. J) M3 b. U" T
- K: ~( e8 ^4 K$ m3 K2 e; q 1/2 Nex, Fractional NEX |
3 O# _, A3 @/ E$ |5 \
4 W$ T+ a; N$ [1 ?6 ^ R" m: }8 y| : t) R( ~7 o$ c# F
Partial Echo | 0 R0 Y% W' d( w8 H5 U
/ t8 L! L- a# z+ I7 ~
Assymetric Echo |
$ u* C( ~9 @3 [8 i( f
% z( ?% i4 Y6 v3 Q Fractional Echo |
, ], p- E/ F9 c& p1 `5 x2 [+ L+ F
+ f( s8 v6 \. X" I+ p0 s3 Z* ^| ; M3 w9 h+ R" |3 l* Y; ]1 t$ n
Gradient moment nulling |
! B! r) }5 n, A$ w: n: _
. Y, S$ _7 X& R* {: U& `( V7 m GMR |
3 \1 j8 i% T9 e8 X. M+ h) q2 N0 J) n T. E, [( f+ U5 z
Flow Comp |
' u+ [- Q' r% y) K- D- H6 @
3 C+ X1 O" q8 ~/ R" u
| ! X- M P9 Q3 s3 V. ]3 G, z* ]/ Y
Prep Pulse - Chemically | + L, C! ]% l/ @2 E: |7 n
! Z7 G9 _6 D% Z7 D3 | ]( O FAT SAT |
. s* }" U% j8 p; [- b8 r
' i7 e S2 j4 u! J7 I- g' }; S FAT SAT, CHEM SAT |
! X8 k9 J- V2 d6 s. n) p" L
' U9 q! a" y4 c( w7 U F
| ) ?# x7 }8 R" B
Prep Pulse - Spatially | ! x- n4 C. B3 ]: ?6 a7 P# |
/ X; @+ l9 K7 H, C, y$ e/ j. S2 v0 P: n9 _
Presat | " r' `( T# c) r$ R0 i: B8 g% Q* _) z
7 s$ W# _+ j: [8 n5 c
SAT |
6 I1 T8 p3 Z S1 [0 G( \$ K( `, v, W: r2 u% {0 `/ B
| # l- t; S; ~4 W% i
Moving Sat Pulse | 3 o- a* W# p( }
# j# z5 R5 O; M3 F8 N: U4 K
Travel Sat |
' \% X" s) t V* m1 g/ V( p6 d% A" E7 B" Z; T% m7 M3 v
Walking Sat |
4 X7 n. q! @' A; m% t# i) E( y8 l
5 E5 z% I W# N! f. S| ( j8 Z2 G: x, m% ] l! F- k9 u
Image Sync. With ECG |
, F" J- t, ^ l& {; h3 s0 s* G5 m, H& J! ^% W
ECG Triggered | $ Z0 G8 n: h* V% R8 I- @6 R, ~4 C$ P7 R
/ r' ^2 w) L' c+ d5 w' `: y4 Q, j Cardiac Gated, Triggering |
* i# G, A% x5 h9 f/ T. E
( i- n0 |6 V. k+ z1 ~6 B) G
| 2 V# J$ S# |9 ^
Delay after R Wave |
4 E7 K. ~9 q9 q9 V
9 i Y4 {& d; ^7 c7 X, ?3 x Trigger Delay, TD |
5 C# ?# N5 P, m _; u, y6 b- q3 \' t1 C0 `7 Y. u5 s
Trigger Delay, TD |
" ^/ k: [; a: B2 k( t* E% ^ z9 \
3 |1 k' N0 A+ F: q9 {" P: H| 4 C. W6 u5 u; N( m
Respiratory Gating | ! Y E: P, O" V
' b a5 q5 L7 d) S Respiratory Gated |
1 p+ T y" b0 L0 W, H
. Y% s0 \' X0 l5 x+ Y* i Respiratory Comp, RC, Respiratory Triggered |
发表于 2009-3-16 22:19:02
